When Is a Work of Art in the Public Domain

In Feb 2020, the Smithsonian launched an unprecedented 2.8 one thousand thousand digital items into the public domain, assuasive anyone to reuse and share the assets without needing to ask for permission. The Smithsonian Open Access offers people the opportunity to explore millions of 2D and 3D images and data, including still images, text, audio recordings, and more. Considering they're free of copyright restrictions, anyone tin apply them for any purpose free of charge.

The Smithsonian calls the designation Creative Eatables Zero (CC0), using CC0 to let people know that the digital nugget's copyright has been waived and that they don't demand the museum's permission to download, use, and share the items. Artistic Commons Goose egg (CC0) is the non-profit that is dedicated to making knowledge, creativity, and civilisation accessible across the globe. The CC0 provides licenses that requite museums and other organizations public domain tools and a standard to grant copyright permissions.

Only what is the "public domain" exactly? And how does it align with the social-share and free-culture motility which promotes the freedom to share creative works openly and freely without the burden of licenses and fees?

[Vimeo] By Local Projects – Visitors freely saving the art and collections they discover at the interactive "Collections Wall" Gallery Ane at Cleveland Museum of Art

The Public Domain Defined

When a piece of creative work is no longer protected by copyright, it'southward considered "public domain" art. Artists can lose copyright protection or the right to turn a profit from a piece of art by surrendering or transferring it. Alternatively, copyright owners can "dedicate" or deliberately identify work in the public domain. Copyright can also elapse or exist taken away due to ineligibility. In the Us and in countries of the European Matrimony, copyright protection lasts the lifetime of the artist plus lxx years after their decease. So in one case artwork no longer has copyright protection and is "in the public domain," those who admission it can use information technology freely without having to seek permission from the artist or concluding owner.

Notwithstanding, because of a police force passed in 1998 called the Copyright Term Extension Human activity (CTEA), aka Sonny Bono Human activity and Mickey Mouse Protection Human action, works made in 1923 and onwards would notwithstanding accept copyright protection and would not be immune to enter the public domain until xx years later on Jan 1st, 2019. This explains why at midnight on the eve of New year'southward, the mass expiration of copyright led to a deluge of creative works into the public domain – including paintings, photos, films, poems, books, and musical compositions. The massive drop into the public domain included works similar Our American Chance by Arthur Conan Doyle and Stopping by Wood on a Snowy Evening by Robert Frost.

Claude Monet's oil on canvass "Springtime" (1872), a collection of The Walters Museum of Fine art | Source: commons.wikimedia.org

The Public Domain Art Motion

The Smithsonian's impressive public domain art launch isn't the first fourth dimension a prominent museum has given the public unrestricted access to their art collection and adopted the CC0 license for their public-domain works. One of the pioneers of the public domain art movement is The Walters Fine art Museum. In 2007, the Baltimore-based museum started uploading images online, allowing users to download works from their drove. The organization believed that their digital images "extend the reach of the museum" and chose to brand "digital images of artworks believed to exist in the public domain bachelor for use without limitation, rights- and royalty-gratis."

And past 2011, a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts allowed The Walters Fine art Museum to upgrade their website and digitize near a third of their entire collection. The website presented over ten,000 artworks to the public to view and download for free without copyright restriction. Taking inspiration from The Walters Art Museum, the Getty Museum's Open Content project made iv,600 loftier-resolution images accessible for employ to the public for gratuitous in 2013. The public domain works are for both commercial and non-commercial purposes as long every bit the user attributes the museum properly. The impressive collection released into the public domain include works by van Gogh, Monet, da Vinci, and Rembrandt.

Celebrating Vi Months of Open up Admission for The Metropolitan Museum of Fine art in Aug 2017 | Source: metmuseum.org

In 2014, the Metropolitan Museum of Art joined a growing number of museums that made their works available on the public domain for gratuitous. The initiative is chosen Open Access for Scholarly Content (OASC) and allows the public to straight download over 400,000 loftier-resolution digital works from the Met'southward encyclopedic collection.

By 2017, the Met had more than than 375,000 public-domain images. The arrangement too adopted a new policy chosen Open Access that allowed the public to use the artworks for both scholarly and commercial use. Open Access likewise uses the CC0 designation, making the images freely available and with no restrictions.

The Met's Director and CEO Thomas P. Campbell emphasized at that time: "Our comprehensive and diverse museum collection spans v,000 years of earth culture and our core mission is to be open and attainable for all who wish to study and enjoy the works of fine art in our care. Increasing access to the Museum'southward collection and scholarship serves the interests and needs of our 21st-century audiences by offering new resources for creativity, knowledge, and ideas."

The CEO of Creative Eatables Ryan Merkley described the Met's move as "a profound gift in service of its mission: the largest encyclopedic art museum in Due north America has eliminated the barriers that would otherwise prohibit admission to its content, and invited the globe to utilise, remix, and share their public-domain collections widely and without restriction."

[YouTube] Open Access + CMA: Bringing Cleveland Museum of Art's mission  "For the Benefit of All the People,  Forever" into the digital historic period.

A Culture Promoting Accessibility and Inventiveness

"False is not just the sincerest form of flattery – it's the sincerest form of learning." ― George Bernard Shaw

Artistic Commons aligns with the free-culture motion, the social motility against overly repressive laws that preclude innovation and imagination and an ethos that embraces the public domain.

With museums committed to making their collections accessible to the public and the promotion of knowledge, the digital age offers art institutions the opportunity to reproduce works in formats in an ethical manner. And thanks to international not-profits like CC0 on a mission to promote accessibility and innovation in the art earth, there's a standardized designation that tells the public the creative works are free to employ for whatever purpose. With public-domain art with CC0 designation, teachers and scholars can freely quote passages and artists can download and rework content without paying licensing fees.

In 2019, the Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA) joins the growing number of museums opening their collections to the public. Through its Open Access program, practically half of the CMA'south entire drove was digitized and fabricated bachelor to the public. This not only involved 30,000 works merely too includes metadata for over 61,000 works. This move aligns with its mission to "create transformative experiences through art, for the benefit of all the people forever."

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Source: https://www.artdex.com/what-is-public-domain-art-2/

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